跳 VS 俯卧式 应用于精英青年足球运动员的耐力冲刺训练计划:对冲刺和权力相关表现的影响
Irineu Loturco1,2,3,4, Lucas A Pereira1, Valter P Mercer1,2
1NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|August 23, 2024
概括
跳 (JSs) 提高了精英青年足球运动员的垂直跳跃能力,而JS和阻力冲刺 (RSs) 在4周的季前赛中没有提高线性冲刺或方向变化速度. 教练应该重新考虑RS培训.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 青年运动员训练培训 青年运动员训练
背景情况:
- 精英青年足球运动员需要有效的训练来提高冲刺和动力表现.
- 季前培训计划必须有效,特别是在短,拥挤的阶段 (≤4周).
- 跳 (JS) 和阻力冲刺 (RS) 是常见的训练方法,但它们的相对有效性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较跳式 (JS) 与抵抗式冲刺 (RS) 训练对17岁以下精英足球运动员冲刺和动力相关表现的影响.
- 在四周的季前赛期间评估这些训练模式的有效性.
- 为足球教练提供关于神经肌肉训练处方的基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 25名17岁以下的足球运动员被分成两组:一个表演负载的JS,另一个RS.
- 这两种训练方案都使用了绝对负荷条件 (人体质量的30%) 并包括4周的10次训练.
- 在干预期之前和之后,使用速度,功率和跳跃测试来评估性能.
主要成果:
- 无论是JS还是RS训练组,在线性冲刺或改变方向的速度上都没有显著改善.
- 在JS群体中,在负载跳时,垂直跳跃能力和峰值速度显著改善.
- RS组在任何测试的性能指标中都没有显著改善.
结论:
- 在短暂的季前赛中,跳训练可能会提高青少年足球运动员的垂直跳跃能力.
- 耐力冲刺训练在提高冲刺速度,改变方向或在短训练阶段内跳跃能力方面似乎具有有限的有效性.
- 教练在准备期间为足球运动员设计神经肌肉计划时,应仔细考虑阻力冲刺训练的局限性.
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