血小板激活因子 (PAF) 促进瘤内的免疫抑制性中性粒细胞分化
Ankit Dahal1, Yeonsun Hong1, Jocelyn S Mathew1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
概括
瘤细胞释放脂质媒介物,如血小板激活因子 (PAF),这些细胞将中性粒细胞转化为免疫抑制性髓质衍生抑制细胞 (MDSC). 这一发现为癌症免疫治疗提供了一个新的目标,通过阻断这种由脂质驱动的分化途径.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 分子医学是分子医学.
背景情况:
- 瘤微环境 (TME) 中的慢性炎症促进了髓质衍生抑制细胞 (MDSC),特别是多态核细胞 (PMN) -MDSC,这些是抑制抗癌免疫力的中性粒细胞.
- 在TME中驱动中性粒细胞免疫抑制的精确机制尚未完全理解,这阻碍了癌症免疫疗法的开发.
研究的目的:
- 阐明中性粒细胞在TME内获得免疫抑制功能的分子机制.
- 为了确定特定的瘤衍生因素,负责诱导中性粒细胞的免疫抑制表型.
主要方法:
- 在体外共培养原始中性粒细胞与癌细胞超标.
- 分析中性粒细胞表型,包括酶1 (Arg1) 和dcTrail-R1的表达,以及CD8 T细胞细胞毒性测定.
- 液体染色学-质谱学 (LC-MS) 癌细胞秘密体的脂质组分析.
- lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) 表达与胰腺管腺癌 (PDAC) 和其他癌症患者存活率的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 在TME中新招募的中性粒细胞表现出激活,运动和免疫抑制的特征.
- 在实验室中将天真的中性粒细胞与癌细胞超级化物化成功诱导了免疫抑制表型.
- 癌细胞秘密体含有脂质介质,驱动中性粒细胞分化成免疫抑制细胞.
- 血小板激活因子 (PAF) 被确定为一种关键的瘤衍生的脂质介质,诱导中性粒细胞分化.
- Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) 是PAF生物合成中的一种酶,在PDAC中被上调,并与较差的患者存活率有关.
结论:
- 瘤衍生的血小板激活因子 (PAF) 是一个关键的脂质介质,驱动TME内的免疫抑制性中性粒细胞 (PMN-MDSCs) 的分化.
- 这种由脂质驱动的机制代表了癌症免疫抑制的重要途径.
- 准PAF或其生物合成途径是开发新型癌症免疫疗法的有希望的战略.
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