中世纪剑桥的健康不平等,公元1200年至1500年
Jenna M Dittmar1, Sarah A Inskip2, Alice K Rose3
1Department of Anatomy, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|August 24, 2024
概括
中世纪的健康不平等显示出基于社会地位的明显差异. 对骨遗骸的生物考古学分析表明,贫困影响了儿童的健康和身材,而修道士则享有更好的饮食和更高的身材.
科学领域:
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 古病理学 古病理学
- 社会历史 历史 社会历史
背景情况:
- 在历史上,健康不平等一直影响着社会,但由于专注于单个地点,仍未得到充分研究.
- 生物考古学研究传统上集中在单个遗址上,限制了更广泛的社会景观比较.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较中世纪剑桥不同社会群体的健康差异.
- 调查过去社会和经济因素如何影响健康结果.
主要方法:
- 对476名成年人的骨遗骸进行了比较分析,这些遗骸来自三个中世纪剑桥地区:普通城镇居民,医院居民和奥古斯丁修道士.
- 评估疾病患病率,受伤风险,脊椎盘退化,儿童健康指标,成人身高,死亡年龄和饮食模式 (使用碳和同位素).
主要成果:
- 慈善机构的个人在童年时表现出较差的健康状况,成年人身高下降,以及较早的死亡率,这表明贫困.
- 来自富裕机构的奥古斯丁修道士身高更高,蛋白质摄入量更高,并且经历了更多与鞋类相关的脚部问题.
- 尽管有共同的疾病风险,但基于社会地位和生活方式出现了明显的健康不平等.
结论:
- 健康不平等以特定的方式表现出来,这种不平等是由社会格局所塑造的.
- 跨站点比较对于调查健康不平等至关重要,除非一个站点代表真正的社会截面.
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