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极端天气伤害和死亡,2006年至2021年
Caroline Q Stephens1, Christopher Newton1, Brandon Kappy2
1Division of Pediatric Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA network open
|August 26, 2024
概括
大型灾害事件 (MDEs) 造成了不成比例的与天气有关的伤害和死亡. 了解它们的频率和分布对于公共卫生准备和气候风险减轻至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
- 灾难医学 灾难医学
背景情况:
- 极端天气事件对医疗保健系统构成重大风险.
- 关于与天气有关的伤害和死亡的数据有限,这阻碍了有效的公共卫生规划.
- 大型灾害事件 (MDEs) 是具有严重健康后果的气象现象的关键子集.
研究的目的:
- 调查MDEs在美国的频率和地理分布.
- 分析MDEs的特征,包括事件类型,损害和受影响区域.
- 为应对灾害准备和适应气候变化的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 生态,横截面研究设计使用来自NOAA国家环境信息中心风暴事件数据库 (2006-2021) 的数据.
- 定义为造成至少50人受伤或10人死亡的环境事件.
- 描述性统计数据用于分析事件类型,财产损失,农村/城市分类 (NCHS城乡分类) 和战略准备和应对管理局 (ASPR) 地区.
主要成果:
- 发达国家气象事件占所有天气事件的1.9%,但占伤害的46.1%,死亡的22.4%.
- 极端高温 (41.1%) 和龙卷风 (32.1%) 是MDEs的主要原因.
- 与城市MDEs相比,农村MDEs的死亡人数中位数较高,尽管城市地区的MDEs比例更高.
结论:
- 虽然MDE很少发生,但它对与天气有关的伤害和死亡造成了相当大的负担.
- 调查结果强调,需要将MDE数据整合到所有管理层的危险脆弱性分析中.
- 加强准备和气候风险减缓战略对于应对极端天气对健康的影响至关重要.
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