5岁以下儿童严重急性营养不良
Gift C Chama1, Lukundo Siame1, Chanda Kapoma1
1School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia.
PloS one
|August 26, 2024
概括
严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 影响了赞比亚5岁以下儿童的27%,特别是6-24个月的儿童. 诸如艾滋病毒,结核病和并发病等因素显著增加了SAM风险,需要加强干预措施.
科学领域:
- 儿童营养学 儿童营养学
- 全球儿童健康 全球儿童健康
- 撒哈拉以南非洲的公共卫生
背景情况:
- 严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 是一个关键的全球儿童健康问题,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 赞比亚的儿童营养不良率很高,SAM是导致5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因.
- 世卫组织现有的目标是到2025年将SAM患病率降至5%.
研究的目的:
- 确定6个月至5岁儿童严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 的患病率,在赞比亚利文斯通大学教学医院 (LUTH).
- 为了确定与SAM相关的人口,临床和血液学因素.
- 为在赞比亚减少营养不良的有针对性的干预提供信息.
主要方法:
- 采用了回顾性横截面研究设计,分析了来自LUTH的儿科患者记录.
- 收集了2020年至2022年期间参加的6个月至5岁儿童的数据.
- 严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 是根据世卫组织的标准定义的 (体重对身高的z-score<-3,MUAC<115毫米,或双边穴位).
- 用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定相关因素.
主要成果:
- 该研究包括429名参与者,SAM的患病率为27.0%.
- 与SAM显著相关的因素包括年轻年龄 (6-24个月),艾滋病毒感染,结核病 (TB),并发病症和血小板计数.
- 具体来说,6至24个月的儿童的AOR为11.60,而结核病的AOR为22.30.
结论:
- 在这个赞比亚队列中,SAM的患病率明显超过了世卫组织的目标.
- 年龄较小的儿童 (6-24个月),以及患有艾滋病毒,结核病或并发症的儿童,罹患SAM的风险要大得多.
- 加强营养服务和密集治疗策略对于减少脆弱儿科人口的SAM至关重要.
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