发育性语言障碍儿童的执行功能:系统审查和元分析
Tengfei Niu1, Shiqiang Wang2, Jingxi Ma3,4
1Department of Basic Courses, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|August 27, 2024
概括
患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童与通常发育的同龄人相比,表现出明显较弱的口头工作记忆. 这些缺陷在不同年龄和不同语言之间是一致的,这表明它们是DLD的关键标志物.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响儿童的语言学习.
- 执行功能,包括工作记忆,抑制控制和认知灵活性,对于认知发展至关重要.
- 了解DLD中的执行功能差异对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较DLD儿童和典型发育 (TD) 儿童之间的执行功能表现.
- 在这些群体中调查工作记忆,抑制控制和认知灵活性.
- 为了确定DLD的潜在标记物.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,Web of Science) 的系统文献搜索.
- 包含了比较DLD和TD儿童执行功能的病例控制研究.
- 来自40项符合条件的研究和3,168名参与者的数据的元分析.
主要成果:
- 与TD儿童相比,DLD儿童在所有六个口头工作记忆任务中的表现明显较差.
- 在单语英语和非英语小组以及学龄前儿童和学龄儿童中观察到口头工作记忆的缺陷.
- 抑制控制和认知灵活性的差异是取决于上下文的,与工作记忆不同.
结论:
- 语言工作记忆缺陷是DLD儿童的重要标志物.
- 这些工作记忆缺陷不受孩子的年龄或语言背景的影响.
- 研究结果强调了口头工作记忆在DLD中的关键作用,并为教育和治疗策略提供了信息.
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