解开美国癌症死亡率与COVID-19之间的关系
Chelsea L Hansen1,2,3, Cécile Viboud1, Lone Simonsen1,2
1Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
eLife
|August 27, 2024
概括
在COVID-19大流行期间,癌症患者的死亡率没有增加. 致命的癌症风险超过了COVID-19风险,与糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病不同.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 癌症是已知的COVID-19死亡风险因素之一.
- 然而,在几个国家的流行病期间,癌症死亡人数仍处于历史水平.
- 这表明癌症,COVID-19和整体死亡率模式之间存在复杂的关系.
研究的目的:
- 在美国人口层面上调查癌症死亡率和COVID-19之间的关系.
- 为了比较各种癌症,糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病的流行病相关死亡率模式.
- 为了确定COVID-19是否对癌症死亡率产生了重大影响.
主要方法:
- 使用六种癌症类型,糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病的潜在和多种原因 (MC) 死亡数据来比较与大流行相关的死亡率.
- 分析了2020年全国死亡率数据与大流行前的基线.
- 模拟预期的过度死亡率使用COVID-19攻击率,预期寿命,人口规模和平均年龄.
主要成果:
- 2020年全国多种原因癌症死亡率上升了3% (约13,600例过度死亡).
- 较不致命的癌症 (乳腺癌,结肠直肠癌,血液癌: 2-7%) 的死亡率上升高于存活率较低的癌症 (肺癌,胰腺癌: 0-1%).
- 糖尿病 (37%) 和阿尔茨海默氏症 (19%) 与癌症相比,MC死亡率大幅上升.
结论:
- 观察到的死亡率差异是由预期寿命解释的,其中从侵略性癌症死亡的风险超过了COVID-19风险.
- 癌症患者,特别是那些有侵略性形式的癌症患者,在COVID-19大流行期间没有经历明显的死亡率增加.
- 这与糖尿病和阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病形成鲜明对比,在疫情期间死亡率大幅增加.
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