传统的机器学习,深度学习和BERT (大型语言模型) 来预测从护士 triage 注释入院的方法:对资源管理的比较评估
Dhavalkumar Patel1, Prem Timsina1, Larisa Gorenstein2
1Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
JMIR AI
|August 27, 2024
概括
从护士分拣笔记中预测患者住院的情况至关重要. 像BOW-LR-TF-IDF这样的更简单的模型适用于资源有限的设置,而生物临床BERT显示的性能略高.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 临床自然语言处理 临床自然语言处理
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 从护士分拣笔记中预测患者住院治疗可以改善护理.
- 为此任务选择模型需要仔细考虑计算基础设施和预算限制.
- 卫生系统面临着不同的资源限制,这会影响模型的实施.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较深度学习模型 (生物临床-BERT) 与传统机器学习模型 (BOW-LR-TF-IDF) 的性能.
- 从护士分拣笔记评估基于不同计算要求的模型来预测住院治疗.
- 为具有多样化的资源可用性的卫生系统提供模型选择信息.
主要方法:
- 对1,391,988次急诊室访问 (2017-2022) 的回顾性分析.
- 在西奈山医疗系统内的4家医院的数据上训练模型.
- 在第五家医院的数据上进行的外部验证.
主要成果:
- 生物临床BERT的预测性能略高 (AUC为0.82-0.85) 比BOW-LR-TF-IDF (AUC为0.81-0.84) 略高.
- 这两种模型都有效地利用分拣笔记来预测住院.
- 在不同训练集大小 (10,000~1,000,000名患者) 中,性能差异很小.
结论:
- 像BOW-LR-TF-IDF这样的更简单的模型在资源有限的环境中可能足够.
- 模型的选择应与可用的计算资源和预算保持一致.
- 需要对替代模型进行进一步的研究,以优化患者护理和资源管理的预测性能.
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