行为改变和硬件干预对印度奥迪沙农村安全儿童便管理实践的影响:一个集群随机控制试验
Gloria D Sclar1,2, Valerie Bauza3, Alokananda Bisoyi4
1Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. gloria.sclar@emory.edu.
BMC public health
|August 27, 2024
概括
一项行为改变干预措施显著改善了印度农村地区儿童便的安全处置,将整体安全处置增加了1.16倍. 该干预措施在改善护理人员处理和儿童使用所方面取得了特别成功,其中包括三岁以下的儿童.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 儿童便管理不善是导致肠病原体暴露的重要因素,导致腹疾病和儿童生长受损.
- 尽管印度的所覆盖率很高,但儿童便的安全处置仍然很低,奥迪沙州的安全处置率仅为12%.
- 现有的卫生基础设施计划还没有完全解决儿童便管理这一关键问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估一种结合的行为改变和硬件干预,旨在改善护理人员对儿童便的安全处置.
- 评估该干预措施对印度奥迪沙农村儿童使用所的影响.
- 解决安全的儿童便管理及其相关健康影响的关键差距.
主要方法:
- 一个集群随机对照试验在印度奥迪沙农村的74个村庄进行.
- 该干预涉及五项行为改变活动和提供特定年龄的硬件 (洗手盆,训练) 以帮助处置和所培训.
- 主要结果,世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会联合监测计划 (JMP) 定义的安全处置 (护理人员处置和儿童所使用),在终点 (4-6个月干预后) 测量.
主要成果:
- 干预组显示,与对照组相比,JMP定义的安全处置的流行率是1.16倍 (77.7%对65.9%).
- 在护理人员安全处置方面观察到显著的改善 (PR 1.46),但儿童所使用总体上没有显著差异 (PR 1.06).
- 在3岁以下的儿童中,干预导致了JMP定义的安全处置的1.42倍,护理人员处置 (PR 1.44) 和儿童所使用 (PR 1.41) 显著增加.
结论:
- 评估的干预措施有效地增加了JMP定义的安全儿童便处理,特别是在幼儿 (<3岁) 中.
- 该干预措施在护理人员的便处理和幼儿的儿童所使用方面都取得了显著的改善.
- 这些发现表明,一种潜在的可扩展的干预措施可以增强儿童便处理实践并减少相关疾病,这需要进一步研究可持续性.
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