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相关概念视频

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

608
β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. When they get activated, they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin release. This process enhances blood pressure and aids in stress management. In contrast, β2 receptors are situated mainly in the lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. Upon activation, they trigger smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and...
608
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

546
β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in...
546
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

550
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
550
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

315
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
315
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

719
Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
719

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在TIPS插入后,没有非选择性β-阻断剂的价值.

Anja Tiede1,2, Lena Stockhoff1, Hannah Rieland1

  • 1Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
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概括

非选择性β抑制剂 (NSBB) 似乎不会影响全身炎症,肝脏衰减,或在输入横性肝脏内移植系统分离器 (TIPS) 后的存活. 在TIPS后继续NSBB治疗也没有显示出患者结局的显著益处.

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科学领域:

  • 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
  • 心脏病学 心脏病学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学

背景情况:

  • 非选择性β抑制剂 (NSBB) 是门高血压的标准.
  • 需要澄清的是,经过横性肝内移植系统分流 (TIPS) 插入后NSBB的作用.
  • NSBB的潜在抗炎作用可能独立于降压.

研究的目的:

  • 评估NSBB对TIPS后系统性炎症 (SI) 的影响.
  • 评估NSBB与肝脏衰竭的关联以及TIPS后的生存率.
  • 为了确定NSBB的好处是否独立于门口压力降低.

主要方法:

  • 对305名患者关于NSBB使用和结果的回顾性分析.
  • 45名患者的前性队列研究分析了48个可溶性炎症标志物 (SIM).
  • 在1年随访期间对并发症和死亡率进行多变量竞争性风险分析.

主要成果:

  • 在TIPS插入或下院后继续使用NSBB并没有减少肝脏衰减或死亡率.
  • 在NSBB摄入量和较低水平的炎症标志物 (WBC,CRP,SIMs) 之间没有发现显著的关联.
  • 在TIPS期间和之后的结果没有得到NSBB治疗的显著改善.

结论:

  • 在TIPS插入时的NSBB治疗及其随后的管理没有显著影响SI.
  • 使用NSBB似乎不会影响肝衰竭的发展或TIPS后的患者存活率.
  • 研究结果表明,NSBB在TIPS后的炎症和脱补偿治疗中的作用是有限的.