[疫苗接种] [疫苗接种] [疫苗接种]
Marco Krasselt1,2, Henning Trawinski3,4, Christoph Lübbert5,6,7
1Bereich Rheumatologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|August 28, 2024
概括
带状疹 (HZ) 的风险随着年龄和免疫抑制而增加. 重组辅助性HZ亚单位疫苗在预防50岁以上的成年人,包括免疫受损人群中,在预防HZ和PHN方面表现出高的疗效和安全性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 疹疹 (HZ),由疹疹病毒 (VZV) 再激活引起,与因衰老或免疫抑制而导致的T细胞免疫力下降有关.
- 在年长的成人和年轻的免疫抑制剂炎症性类风湿性疾病患者中观察到增加的HZ和并发症风险 (例如,后神经痛 - PHN).
- 某些免疫抑制疗法,包括雅努斯激酶 (JAK) 抑制剂和葡萄糖皮质类药物,会增加HZ风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估复合辅助HZ亚单位疫苗预防HZ和PHN的疗效和安全性.
- 评估不同年龄组和免疫受损人群的疫苗性能.
- 为增加HZ风险的个人提供疫苗接种建议.
主要方法:
- 对复合辅助HZ亚单位疫苗的临床试验数据的审查.
- 分析疫苗的疗效,免疫性和安全性.
- 考虑德国疫苗常务委员会 (STIKO) 的建议.
主要成果:
- 该疫苗在50岁及以上的健康成年人中,在预防HZ方面表现出90-97%的疗效.
- 在免疫功能低下和免疫抑制患者中证实了高疗效,免疫性和安全性.
- 在临床试验中,与安慰剂相比,在疫苗组中观察到更高的反应性.
结论:
- 重组辅助性HZ亚单位疫苗在50岁及以上的个体中对预防HZ和PHN具有高度有效性和安全性.
- 该疫苗由STIKO推给60岁以上和50岁以上的个体,具有增加的HZ风险.
- 根据已证明的有效性和安全性,将疫苗接种建议扩展到所有患有HZ风险增加的成年人是有必要的.
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