儿童和青少年长期COVID的特征
Rachel S Gross1, Tanayott Thaweethai2,3, Lawrence C Kleinman4,5
1Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York.
JAMA
|August 28, 2024
概括
这项研究确定了儿童和青少年的SARS-CoV-2感染 (PASC) 或长期COVID的常见长期症状. 研究人员开发了PASC指数,以帮助儿童群体识别和研究这种情况.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康
- 传染性疾病
- 纵向研究
背景情况:
- 大多数关于SARS-CoV-2感染 (PASC) 或长期COVID的研究都集中在成年人身上,因此对其对儿童的影响存在知识差距.
- 描述儿科PASC对于理解潜在机制和指导未来治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在6至17岁的儿童中识别PASC的流行长期症状.
- 分析学龄儿童 (6~11岁) 和青少年 (12~17岁) 之间的症状差异.
- 定义PASC症状集群 (表型) 并开发用于儿科研究中PASC识别的经验指数.
主要方法:
- 一项多中心的纵向观察队列研究,涉及5000多名儿童和青少年 (有或没有SARS-CoV-2感染史).
- 数据收集发生在2022年3月至2023年12月期间,涉及美国各种医疗保健和社区环境.
- 分析包括识别常见症状,比较年龄组,将症状归类为表型,并制定PASC研究指数.
主要成果:
- 与未感染儿童相比,有SARS-CoV-2感染史的儿童的症状明显更常见,影响多个器官系统.
- 针对学龄儿童 (强调神经认知,疼痛,胃肠道症状) 和青少年 (强调嗅觉/味觉丧失,疼痛,疲劳) 制定了不同的PASC研究指数.
- 在学龄儿童中发现了四种PASC症状表型,在青少年中发现了三种,这表明了特定于年龄的模式.
结论:
- 这项研究成功开发了在儿童群体中表征PASC的研究指数.
- 虽然症状模式有相似之处,但它们在学龄儿童和青少年之间是可以区分的.
- 这些发现强调了对儿童和青少年PASC的特征和研究需要采用特定年龄的方法.
相关概念视频
01:26Longitudinal Studies
146
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
146
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
50
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
50
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
48
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
48
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
23
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
23
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.9K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.9K
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
2.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
2.8K