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在实验室进化过程中,生物地理上不同的生态型的起源

Jacob J Valenzuela¹, Selva Rupa Christinal Immanuel¹, James Wilson¹

¹Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.

Nature communications

|August 28, 2024

概括

很少有基因突变迅速创造出专门的微生物生态型,在空间上划分资源. 这种利基差异化增强了社区的稳定性和在模拟的地下环境中产生甲的生产.

科学领域:

微生物生态学微生物生态学
进化生物学进化生物学
生物地质化学生物地质化学

背景情况:

微生物群落驱动全球生物地化学循环,例如甲排放,通过资源分割和同相互作用.
之前的研究表明,浮游生物硫酸盐减少剂 (Desulfovibrio vulgaris,Dv) 和甲基生物 (Methanococcus maripaludis,Mm) 的进化多样化,提高了社区的稳定性和生产力.
了解特殊微生物生态型的遗传基础和快速出现对于预测生态系统功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究一小部分基因突变如何驱动空间上不同的微生物生态型的形成.
为了确定这些生态型是否表现出资源分割和在模拟的地下环境中提高社区生产力.
阐明基因变化,空间分离和功能专业化在合成微生物群体中的相互作用.

主要方法:

使用了进化的Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) 和Methanococcus maripaludis (Mm) 的最小组合.
在Dv和Mm基因组中引入了特定突变.
在一个流化床反应堆中培养了进化的社区,以促进空间丰富和资源分割.
分析了不同生态型的资源利用 (乳酸盐,H2) 和甲生产.

主要成果:

少数基因的突变 (15在Dv,7在Mm) 迅速导致在几天内出现共存的,空间丰富的生态型.
空间分离的生态类型表现出明显的资源分区:附带的Dv使用了乳酸盐,而附带的Mm使用了一些H2.
未利用的H2被浮游生物Mm用高亲和力化酶清理,导致大量的甲生产.
利基差异化生态型之间的相互作用协同促进了互惠社区的整体生产力.

结论:

几种基因突变足以推动微生物群落的快速利基差异化和空间资源分割.
专门生态型的出现提高了互惠微生物组合的稳定性和生产力.
这项研究提供了一个模型,以了解微观进化过程如何塑造微生物社区结构和复杂环境中的功能.

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