基因组H2A变体的功能及其在疾病中的作用
Xuemin Yin1,2, Dong Zeng1,2, Yingjun Liao1,2
1Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
Biomolecules
|August 29, 2024
概括
基因组H2A变异通过表观遗传机制调节基因表达和DNA修复. 这些变异的变化与癌症和神经系统疾病等疾病有关.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 表观遗传调节涉及遗传性遗传变化,而不会改变DNA序列.
- 基因组变异调节是一个关键的表观遗传机制,影响着染色质结构和DNA可访问性.
- 基因组H2A变体丰富多样,在基因调节和DNA修复中起着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了审查哺乳动物的 histone H2A 变体 (H2A.Z,H2A.B,macroH2A,H2A.X) 的功能.
- 探索这些变体在各种疾病中的作用.
主要方法:
- 关于哺乳动物中的组素H2A变体研究的文献综述.
- 分析基因转录和DNA损伤修复上希斯H2A变异的影响.
- 检查疾病与基因素H2A变异变异的相关性.
主要成果:
- 基因组H2A变体表现出不同的染色质占用和结构,导致不同的功能.
- 基因组H2A变异的变化与癌症,发育异常,神经,代谢和心脏病有关.
- 特定的H2A变体 (H2A.Z,H2A.B,宏观H2A,H2A.X) 已经证明在疾病发病过程中具有不同的作用.
结论:
- 基斯H2A变体是基本细胞过程的关键调节者.
- 组织素H2A变体的失调有助于许多人类疾病的发展.
- 向组织素H2A变体为各种病理状况提供了潜在的治疗途径.
关键词:
修复DNA损伤的修复H2A.B.B. 这就是H2A.在H2A.X.X中.在H2A.Z.癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症在这种情况下,染色染色素胚胎发育异常 胚胎发育异常基因转录 基因转录基因组变异的基因组变异的宏观H2AA.更多相关视频
08:12Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
Published on: May 5, 2022
3.9K
08:33Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
Published on: March 24, 2019
7.5K
相关概念视频
02:30Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
02:32Histone Modification
13.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.2K
02:25Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
8.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
8.2K
02:10The Nucleosome Core Particle
12.0K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
12.0K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K