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相关概念视频

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

50
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
23
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

45
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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神经发育障碍中的执行功能概况:亲子结果.

Ana Pardo-Salamanca1, Daniela Paoletti2, Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela3

  • 1Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Avda Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
概括

患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出更多的执行功能 (EF) 缺陷,导致更大的日常障碍和父母压力. 确定EF概况是针对性干预的关键.

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更多关于 ADHD ADHD 的文章在ASD中,使用的是ASD.执行职能个人资料 执行职能个人资料功能障碍 功能障碍 功能障碍父母的压力是父母的压力.

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科学领域:

  • 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
  • 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
  • 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童经常经历执行功能 (EF) 缺陷.
  • 这些EF赤字与日常生活中的挑战和父母的压力增加有关.

研究的目的:

  • 将ASD和ADHD儿童的EF与典型发育 (TD) 同龄人进行比较.
  • 在被诊断为ASD和ADHD的儿童中识别不同的EF概况.
  • 检查EF概况,功能障碍和家长压力之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 这项研究涉及30名TD儿童,47名ASD儿童和34名ADHD儿童 (8-12岁).
  • 父母问卷评估了父母的压力和孩子的功能 (社会,日常生活).
  • 通过家长和教师报告收集了EF数据.

主要成果:

  • 与TD儿童相比,患有ASD和ADHD的儿童表现出明显更多的EF损伤.
  • 根据困难的严重程度,确定了三个不同的EF功能集群.
  • 更严重的EF缺陷与更大的功能障碍和更高的家长压力相关.

结论:

  • EF缺陷对ASD/ADHD儿童及其家属产生重大影响.
  • 了解EF概况对于开发有效干预措施至关重要.
  • 针对EF的干预措施可以减少家长的压力,并改善这些孩子的日常功能.