课堂之外:研究4-12岁儿童的精神运动发育和学业成绩之间的关系
Nídia Amorim1, Adilson Marques2, Sofia Santos3
1CEE-Center for Studies in Education, Faculty of Human Motricity, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2024
概括
早期的精神运动技能对儿童学前表现有重大影响. 发展这些能力对于整体学习成功至关重要,尤其是在7岁之前.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 心理运动技能越来越多地被认为对儿童发育的重要性.
- 这些技能将认知和运动功能联系起来,支持社会情感和表达能力.
- 证据将精神运动技能与学业成绩联系在一起,特别是在多样化的群体中,是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 研究儿童精神运动功能和学业表现之间的关系.
- 确定影响儿童学业成绩的因素.
- 为早期评估和干预策略提供证据.
主要方法:
- 使用了葡萄牙语版本的儿童神经精神运动功能评估电池 (NPmot.pt),学前诊断任务 (PRE) 和学校学习技能电池 (SLSB).
- 在普通学校评估了350名残疾和无残疾儿童 (平均年龄为85.72个月).
- 使用皮尔森相关性和回归分析来评估数据.
主要成果:
- 精神运动功能 (NPmot.pt) 与学前技能 (PRE) (0.30 < r < 0.82) 有中度至强度的相关性.
- 心理运动功能与学业表现 (SLSB) 之间的相关性很弱 (r < 0.30).
- 精神运动发育是学前结果的显著预测因素 (p < 0.001),但不是7岁以上儿童的学业表现.
结论:
- 从幼儿时期到学校教育,发展精神运动技能至关重要.
- 建议对所有儿童,包括残疾儿童进行早期心理运动评估和干预.
- 定制干预以提高心理运动技能对于成功的学习过程至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
32
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
32
01:27Introduction to Developmental Psychology
221
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
221
01:19Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
42
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
42
01:28Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
50
Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...
The first four of Erikson's eight...
50
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
48
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
48