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艾滋病毒感染者的疫苗接种覆盖范围:干预行动之前和之后

Larissa Gerin¹, Elucir Gir², Lis Aparecida de Souza Neves¹

¹Epidemiological Surveillance Division, Ribeirão Preto Municipal Health Department, Ribeirão Preto 14015100, São Paulo, Brazil.

|August 29, 2024

概括

培训卫生专业人员改善了艾滋病毒感染者 (PLHIV) 接种疫苗的覆盖率. 然而,完全免疫率仍然很低,这表明需要进一步干预,以提高这一群体的疫苗接种率.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
免疫接种实践免疫接种实践
预防传染病预防传染病

背景情况:

艾滋病毒感染者 (PLHIV) 的疫苗接种覆盖率对于预防传染病至关重要.
现有的PLHIV免疫接种计划可能无法始终遵循,需要针对性的干预措施.
卫生专业人员培训是改善疫苗接种和接种的潜在策略.

研究的目的:

评估卫生专业人员培训计划对PLHIV疫苗接种覆盖率的影响.
确定具有低于最佳覆盖率的特定疫苗和影响PLHIV免疫状态的人口因素.

主要方法:

采用了一种准实验性的研究设计.
在645名PLHIV患者中,评估了疫苗接种覆盖率,在卫生专业人员的培训干预之前和之后进行了评估.
数据分析包括疫苗特定覆盖率,与年龄相关的比较,以及疫苗接种地点的影响.

主要成果:

脊髓灰质炎和疹疫苗的覆盖率最高 (82.64%),而麻疹,疹和红疹的覆盖率最低 (38.27%).
与年轻人 (10-19岁) 相比,30-39岁和40岁以上的个体完成疫苗接种计划的机会明显较低.
在专科护理服务 (SCS) 中接种疫苗与充分接种疫苗的可能性增加了5.77倍.
在干预后,整体充足的疫苗接种率从7.29%增加到11.78%.

结论:

培训卫生专业人员可以有效地增加PLHIV中接种疫苗的覆盖率.
尽管情况有所改善,但疫苗接种覆盖率仍低于最佳水平,这凸显了持续存在的挑战.
为了实现所需的疫苗接种率,需要进一步采取干预措施,解决卫生专业人员的知识和其他影响因素.

关键词:

艾滋病病毒艾滋病病毒艾滋病病毒医疗保健专业人员的健康工作.接种疫苗接种疫苗疫苗接种覆盖率疫苗接种覆盖率

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