语境干扰对运动学习转移的影响 - - 系统性审查和元分析
Stanisław H Czyż1,2,3, Aleksandra M Wójcik1, Petra Solarská2
1Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Frontiers in psychology
|August 29, 2024
概括
随机练习与阻塞练习相比,增强了运动学习转移,特别是在成年人和老年人中. 这一系统审查证实了上下文干扰效应.
科学领域:
- 运动学习和表现
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 背景干扰 (CI) 效应,起源于1966年,研究了练习时间表如何影响运动技能的获得.
- 关于CI的研究产生了不同的结果,对其实际应用存在一些怀疑.
- 了解CI对技能转移的影响对于优化培训协议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析有关上下文干扰效应的现有文献.
- 在实验室和应用环境中确定CI对运动学习转移的影响.
- 调查年龄如何影响CI对技能转移的影响.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) 和手动搜索中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 系统性审查包括了42项研究,其中34项研究为定量元分析做出了贡献.
- 计算了效应大小 (SMD),以评估CI效应的规模和意义.
主要成果:
- 总体上,CI对运动学习转移的影响是中等的 (SMD=0.55),有利于随机实践.
- 随机实践在实验室 (SMD = 0.75) 和应用环境 (SMD = 0.34) 中都显示出好处,尽管在应用环境中,效果较小且无意义.
- 在成年人 (SMD = 0.54) 和老年人 (SMD = 1.28) 中观察到有利于随机实践的显著CI效应,在年轻参与者 (SMD = 0.12) 中的影响微不足道.
结论:
- 随机练习通常可以提高运动学习在各种环境和年龄段的转移.
- 随机实践的有效性在实验室环境中更为明显,尤其是在老年人中.
- 这些发现支持应用随机练习时间表来改善技能转移,特别是在成年人和老年人群中.
相关概念视频
01:16Interference and Decay
118
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
118
01:15Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning
538
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
538