在便微生物群中发现微生物真核生物的元基因组发现
Audra L Crouch1, Laine Monsey1, Molly Rambeau1
1Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
mBio
|August 29, 2024
概括
研究人员开发了一种新方法,以改善在人类微生物群中检测微生物真核生物的方法. 这种技术增强了真核DNA的恢复,使得识别新型种类和基因对宿主健康和疾病研究至关重要.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
- 欧核生物基因组学
- 转基因组学是指转基因组学.
背景情况:
- 与宿主相关的微生物群包括细菌,古生物,病毒和真核生物,但由于技术限制,真核生物研究不足.
- 微生物真核生物在宿主健康中起着重要作用,但目前的方法很难恢复它们的DNA,限制了全面的分析.
- 现有的研究往往忽视了微生物真核生物,主要关注细菌群落.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种方法,以加强对宿主相关微生物真核生物的超基因组发现和分析.
- 从宿主样本中克服微生物真核生物的无偏探索和DNA回收的技术限制.
- 改善微生物真核生物的检测和表征,包括真菌,原生虫和虫.
主要方法:
- 结合细胞分类,优化真核细胞溶解,以及用于元基因组分析的猎枪测序.
- 开发了一种优化真核细胞解离和DNA恢复协议.
- 应用自动化细胞分类对健康成年人的便样本.
主要成果:
- 优化的溶解和DNA恢复方法在合成社区中增加了38倍的真核DNA产量.
- 与商业套件相比,自动细胞分类增加了微生物真核生物读数的28倍.
- 确定了新的真核体种类,从未知的真核体组装了基因组,并预测了基因,真菌读取频率增加了10,000倍.
结论:
- 开发的方法显著提高了微生物真核细胞在元基因组研究中的表征和发现.
- 这种方法使微生物真核细胞在了解宿主健康和疾病决定因素方面能够不受偏见地纳入其中.
- 促进在宿主相关微生物组内识别新的真核生物物种及其功能基因.
相关概念视频
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
45.9K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
45.9K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
1.7K
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
1.7K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
836
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
836
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
209
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
Microbiota of the Large Intestine
98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98


