聊天GPT在USMLE风格的伦理问题上表现更差,而不是医学知识问题
Tessa Danehy1, Jessica Hecht1, Sabrina Kentis1
1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States.
Applied clinical informatics
|August 29, 2024
概括
像ChatGPT这样的大型语言模型与医学知识问题相比,与医学伦理问题作斗争. 对于USMLE样式的问题,GPT-4显示了比GPT-3.5更高的准确性和更少的响应变化.
科学领域:
- 医疗教育中的人工智能
- 在医疗保健中的自然语言处理.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM)
背景情况:
- 像ChatGPT这样的AI工具在医学教育中的整合正在迅速增加.
- 评估LLM在专业医疗检查上的表现对于了解其实用性和局限性至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经探索了医学知识回忆中的LLM能力,但人们对其在基于道德问题的表现知之甚少.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT (GPT-3.5和GPT-4) 在回答美国医学执照考试 (USMLE) 风格的医学伦理问题与医学知识问题的准确性.
- 为了比较GPT-3.5和GPT-4在这些问题类型上的表现差异.
- 为了评估每个ChatGPT版本的响应变异性.
主要方法:
- 使用USMLE准备服务AMBOSS,选择27个医学伦理和27个匹配的医学知识问题.
- 针对GPT-3.5和GPT-4的每个问题类型进行了30次试验.
- 采用回归分析来评估准确性,使用香农来分析响应变异.
主要成果:
- 在医学伦理问题上,GPT-3.5和GPT-4的表现都比医学知识问题要差.
- 与GPT-3.5相比,GPT-4的准确性明显更好 (在伦理与知识方面差了18%点,p<0.05) 和响应变异性较低 (香农0.21),相比GPT-3.5 (在伦理与知识方面差了7%点,p=0.41;香农0.59).
- 在伦理问题上,GPT-4比GPT-3.5高出22%,在知识问题上高出33% (p<0.001).
结论:
- 与医学知识问题相比,ChatGPT版本在医学伦理问题上的表现有所下降.
- 对于USMLE风格的医学问题,GPT-4在准确性和响应一致性方面显著超过了GPT-3.5.
- 持续评估不断发展的ChatGPT模型对于它们在医学教育中的负责任应用至关重要.
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