对运动员在多重物体跟踪任务中的表现优势的元分析
Hui Juan Liu1, Qi Zhang1, Sen Chen1
1School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Scientific reports
|August 29, 2024
概括
与非运动员相比,运动员表现出优越的多重对象跟踪 (MOT) 技能,而专家运动员的表现优于新手. 这些发现突出了运动训练对视觉注意力能力的影响.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 多重物体跟踪 (MOT) 对运动员至关重要,它涉及同时跟踪多个移动物体的能力.
- 了解运动员和非运动员之间,以及专家和初学者之间MOT表现的认知差异,对于体育心理学和训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析现有的文学作品,比较不同运动群体的MOT表现.
- 确定运动员的地位和专业水平是否显著影响MOT能力.
- 确定可能缓解这些性能差异的因素.
主要方法:
- 在五个数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年7月.
- 包括专注于健康个体的研究,分类为运动员/非运动员或专家/新手运动员.
- 使用随机效应模型和调节者分析来综合23项选定的研究的数据.
主要成果:
- 运动员在MOT任务中的表现明显优于非运动员.
- 与新手运动员相比,专家运动员表现出优异的MOT表现.
- 运动类型调节了专家和初学者运动员之间的绩效差距,而跟踪时间和目标数量影响了专家和初学者之间的差异,而不是运动员和非运动员之间的差异.
结论:
- 这一元分析证实了运动员对非运动员和专家对新手的MOT的性能优势.
- 不同的因素调节了运动训练和MOT专业知识的认知益处.
- 未来的研究应该精确地根据体育水平对参与者进行分类,以完善对这些认知优势的理解.
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