使用L-氨基酸衍生剂测量日本酒中的D-氨基酸
Hinako Kato1, Makoto Kanauchi2
1Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 29, 2024
概括
像D-alanine,D-glutamic酸和D-aspartic酸这样的D-氨基酸增强了萨克的味道. 这些化合物是由乳酸细菌在传统造方法中产生的,并且存在简单的测试方法来检测它们.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 萨克是一种传统的日本酒精饮料,是用控制微生物生长和pH值的方法造的.
- 基莫托造方法利用乳酸细菌,导致与Sokujyo Syubo方法相比,Sake具有优越的味道和更高的评估分数.
- 特定的D-氨基酸,包括D-氨酸,D-谷氨酸和D-酸,被确定为SAKE增强味道的关键贡献者.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究D-氨基酸在萨克的味道中的作用.
- 解释D-氨酸,D-谷氨酸和D-酸的同时测定方法.
- 展示一种简单且易于使用的方法来量化这些D-氨基酸.
主要方法:
- 在Kimoto Mash中的乳酸细菌通过racemase酶 (氨酸racemase,谷氨酸racemase,阿斯巴酸racemase) 将L-氨基酸转化为D-氨基酸.
- 开发了一种对D-alanine,D-glutamic acid和D-aspartic acid的同时测试方法.
- 测试涉及性样本溶液的衍生化,用一种特定于L-氨基酸的L-FDLA溶液.
主要成果:
- 存在D-氨酸,D-谷氨酸和D-酸的存在与SAKE的品味评价得分增加有积极的相关性.
- 开发的测量方法成功量化了这三个D-氨基酸.
- 检测不需要昂贵或专用设备,使其易于获得.
结论:
- D-alanine,D-glutamic acid和D-aspartic acid对于使用基莫托方法造的 Sake 的丰富味道和高评分至关重要.
- 描述的同时测定方法为检测和量化这些增味D-氨基酸提供了一个简单的方法.
- 这项研究有助于更好地了解萨克的风味复杂性,并为酒制造商提供了实用的分析工具.
相关概念视频
01:19Mass Spectrometry of Amines
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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule: a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a parent ion with an odd molecular weight. The remaining fragments have an even mass.
Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit...
Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit...
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01:23Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test
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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing...
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01:19Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
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Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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01:25Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
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Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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01:33Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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01:28Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
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Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
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