工作中努力和奖励与认知功能变化的纵向关联:来自美国工人全国研究的证据
Megan Guardiano1, Timothy A Matthews2, Sunny Liu3
1School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
International archives of occupational and environmental health
|August 30, 2024
概括
工作场所高奖励与美国工人的更好的认知功能有关. 高奖励,单独或高努力,在九年内改善复合认知,记忆和执行功能.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 工作场所的心理社会因素对员工的幸福感和认知健康有重大影响.
- 了解工作场所动态对认知功能的长期影响对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 美国中年期 (MIDUS) 研究提供了一个有价值的数据集,可以随着时间的推移来检查这些关联.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究工作场所的努力-奖励平衡和美国工人群中的认知功能变化之间的纵向关系.
- 为了确定工作场所努力和奖励的特定组合是否会影响认知轨迹.
- 确定旨在维护认知健康的职场干预措施的潜在目标.
主要方法:
- 利用了美国中年期 (MIDUS) 研究的数据,随访时间为9年.
- 在基线使用经过验证的秤量来衡量工作场所的努力和奖励.
- 评估认知功能 (复合认知,情节性记忆,执行功能) 使用电话成人认知简要测试 (BTACT) 在基线和随访.
- 使用多变量线性回归分析与一般化估计方程 (GEE) 来分析纵向关联,控制共变量.
主要成果:
- 在基线时高的职场奖励与9年随访期间复合认知,情节性记忆和执行功能的改善显著相关.
- 高努力和高回报的结合也预测了所有测量领域的增强认知功能.
- 经历较低的努力和高的回报与更好的综合认知和执行功能有关.
结论:
- 研究结果表明,在美国工人中,高职场奖励与提高认知功能之间存在积极的关联.
- 需要对更大的队列和更长的随访期进行进一步的研究,以探索因果关系和痴呆症等潜在疾病结果.
- 工作场所奖励策略可能是促进劳动人口认知健康的可行途径.
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