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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Electron Affinity03:07

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Thomson's e/m Experiment01:19

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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization
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与电子形成相差对比,导致内部外的电离.

Michael Deimetry1, Timothy C Petersen2, Hamish G Brown3

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.

Ultramicroscopy
|August 30, 2024
PubMed
概括

使用核心损失电子的相差相对比 (DPC) 成像提供了新的见解. 这种方法虽然需要高剂量,但为更厚的样本提供了强大的成像,并保持了弹性对比度.

关键词:
在4D STEM中,不同相位对比差异相位对比差异内部外的离子化发生在外内部.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 电子显微镜电子显微镜
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 频谱学是一种光谱学.

背景情况:

  • 不同相对比 (DPC) 成像通常使用弹性散射进行研究.
  • 核心损失散射电子是内部外电离的结果.
  • 了解不弹性DPC对于高级显微镜至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究由核心损失散射电子形成的DPC.
  • 分析过渡潜力和最终状态在计算中的作用.
  • 确定不弹性DPC中元素选择性对比的条件.

主要方法:

  • 使用过渡潜力方法用于核心损失电子散射.
  • 应用相位对象近似方法.
  • 进行模拟来分析对比机制和移位效应.

主要成果:

  • 不弹性DPC主要是由于保留了弹性对比度.
  • 不弹性DPC中的元素选择性取决于电离相互作用范围和能量损失.
  • 与弹性DPC相比,不连贯的不弹性波场允许在较厚的样本中进行强大的解释.

结论:

  • 由于波场不一致性,对于较厚的样本可以实现不弹性DPC.
  • 高的电子剂量是必要的可辨别的对比.
  • 信号与噪声比随样本厚度的提高而提高,从而提高了可行性.