在人口精神病学神经成像中复制性和通用性
Scott Marek1,2,3,4, Timothy O Laumann5,6
1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. smarek@wustl.edu.
概括
小样本大小阻碍了将大脑功能与行为联系起来的心理健康研究的可复制性. 较大,多样化的数据集对于精神病神经成像研究中可靠和可概括的发现至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 心理健康和大脑功能的横截面研究通常使用小样本,限制了统计能力和可复制性.
- 在大脑范围的关联中,小效应大小需要大样本大小 (数千个) 才能获得可靠的结果.
- 从历史上看,低功率样本阻碍了理解心理健康中的大脑行为关系的进展.
研究的目的:
- 要突出小样本大小如何阻碍心理健康-大脑功能研究中的可复制性.
- 根据效果大小基准提供样本规模目标,以实现基于效果大小基准的统计能力.
- 讨论精神病学神经成像中的概括性挑战和捷径学习风险.
主要方法:
- 分析精神健康和大脑功能的历史关联研究.
- 关于统计能力和可复制性的样本大小要求的基准分析.
- 在机器学习模型中对通用性问题和快捷方式学习进行概念分析,用于精神病学神经成像.
主要成果:
- 小样本大小是心理健康神经成像中可复制性差的主要驱动因素.
- 较大的样本可以提高可复制性,但不能保证对目标人群的概括性.
- 捷径学习可以导致大脑数据和心理健康现象之间的虚假关联.
结论:
- 未来的精神健康流行病学研究需要大量,多样化和全面评估的样本.
- 解决一般化失败,如快捷方式学习,对于有效的基于大脑的预测至关重要.
- 精神病学神经成像中的强有力的发现取决于克服小型,不足的研究的局限性.
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