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相关概念视频

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

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Overview
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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基因组推断交叉选择方法用于在循环选择育种计划中的多特征改进.

Sikiru Adeniyi Atanda1, Nonoy Bandillo2

  • 1Agricultural Data Analytics Unit, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105-6050, USA. sikiru.atanda@ndsu.edu.

Plant methods
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概括

基因组选择可以减少遗传变异,但新的索引选择方法平衡了遗传收益和变异. 这种方法优化了交叉,以提高后代的表现,并在育种计划中保持基因多样性.

关键词:
繁殖周期的繁殖周期遗传漂移是一种遗传漂移.遗传上的收益 遗传上的收益基因组估计的繁殖价值.基因组预测 基因组预测最优的平分体值是什么?定量性质的核酸特征 核酸选择指数的选择指数.随机模拟 随机模拟 随机模拟实用性标准的使用性标准.

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Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
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科学领域:

  • 植物育种 植物育种
  • 定量遗传学 是一种定量遗传学.
  • 基因组选择 基因组选择

背景情况:

  • 基因组选择提供了快速的遗传改进,但风险是长期增加的遗传变异减少.
  • 为了实现可持续的育种计划,平衡短期遗传收益与长期遗传变异至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在基因组推断交叉选择 (GCS) 框架内开发一个综合索引选择方法.
  • 为了最大限度地提高跨多个特征的遗传收益,同时保持附加的遗传变异.

主要方法:

  • 在40年内利用了一个随机模拟的反复繁殖计划.
  • 评估了不同的GCS方法,包括后端平均差异,有用性标准等.
  • 评估了父母,交叉和后代数量对遗传收益的影响.

主要成果:

  • 与其他方法相比,后端平均差异方法始终增强了遗传收益.
  • 确定了最大限度地提高后代表现并保持遗传变异的最佳交叉.
  • 提供了优化父母,交叉和后代数量的战略,以获得最大的短期和长期收益.

结论:

  • 在GCS中集成的索引选择有效地平衡了遗传收益和变异.
  • 后平均差异是一种优越的方法,用于增强在育种计划中的遗传收益.
  • 优化育种计划参数是最大化短期和长期遗传收益的关键.