采取额外的听力里程:处理口语语义上下文对于年长者而不是年轻人来说更为艰难
Tami Harel-Arbeli1,2,3, Hagit Shaposhnik4, Yuval Palgi1
1Department of Gerontology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel.
Ear and hearing
|September 2, 2024
概括
年长的成年人有效地使用语义上下文发言,但这需要更大的认知努力,通过增加瞳孔扩张表明. 这突显了老龄化语音处理中的效率和努力之间的权衡.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语音处理 语音处理
背景情况:
- 老年人经常使用语义上下文来帮助语言处理,补偿与年龄相关的感官和认知能力下降.
- 了解上下文使用所涉及的努力对于理解与衰老相关的沟通变化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究语音处理中的语义上下文使用过程中所施加的努力中与年龄相关的差异.
- 量化背景效益与年轻人和老年人的努力支出之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 从视觉世界范式研究中重新分析眼睛跟踪数据.
- 测量上下文使用效率 (响应延迟,目标预测) 和努力 (瞳孔扩张).
- 年轻成年人 (21-27岁) 和老年人 (65-79岁) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 两个年龄组在响应延迟和目标词预测方面都表现出了从语义环境中获得的类似好处.
- 与年轻人相比,老年人在处理上下文句子时表现出明显增加的瞳孔扩张.
- 这表明,在上下文依赖的语音处理过程中,老年人对认知力度的投入更高.
结论:
- 老年人高效利用口语语义上下文与更大的认知力度支出有关.
- 语音处理中的与年龄相关的变化涉及有效的上下文使用和认知资源的代谢成本之间的潜在权衡.
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