在中国非煤矿中职业接触粉和病风险:定性和定量风险评估
Kai Liu1, Xin Sun1, Wei-Jiang Hu1
1National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
JMIR public health and surveillance
|September 2, 2024
概括
对于中国的非煤矿工人来说,病风险仍然很高,原因是大量的粉暴露. 有针对性的控制措施对于改善矿工健康和减少疾病负担至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 病在中国造成了严重的健康负担,但目前非煤矿中的暴露水平和风险尚未得到充分了解.
- 缺乏有关中国非煤矿工人暴露于粉和病风险的最新数据.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定中国非煤矿目前的二氧化粉暴露水平.
- 评估这些矿工中患病的相关风险.
主要方法:
- 在中国10个省份的155个非煤矿中进行了回顾性队列和横截面研究.
- 测量了暴露于二氧化尘 (PDE) 的流行率,自由二氧化含量和尘埃度.
- 使用预测公式,对病风险进行了定性和定量评估.
主要成果:
- 在研究的29,835名矿工中,超过43%的人暴露在粉中,主要是男性.
- 中位数PDE为61.6%,非金属,有色金属,小型和露天矿山的高暴露水平.
- 定量风险评估预测了10-30年内显著的病发病率,特别是来自可呼吸尘埃.
结论:
- 中国的非煤矿工人面临高粉暴露和中等化风险,特别是在特定的矿山类型.
- 总和可呼吸的粉数据对于有效的职业健康风险评估至关重要.
- 实施控制措施对于降低尘埃水平和改善矿工工作环境至关重要.
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