清洁印度计划下所建设和印度的婴儿死亡率
Suman Chakrabarti1, Soyra Gune2, Tim A Bruckner3
1Nutrition, Diets and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Scientific reports
|September 2, 2024
概括
清洁印度计划 (SBM) 在印度显著降低了婴儿死亡率 (IMR) 和5岁以下儿童死亡率 (U5MR). 通过SBM增加所使用率与儿童死亡率大幅下降有关.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在印度,高水平的露天排便导致婴儿死亡率显著上升.
- 改善饮用水和卫生设施对于减少儿童死亡率至关重要.
- 清洁印度计划 (SBM) 旨在从2014年开始在全国范围内改善卫生条件.
研究的目的:
- 调查清洁印度计划 (SBM) 与印度婴儿死亡率 (IMR) 和5岁以下儿童死亡率 (U5MR) 的变化之间的联系.
- 量化增加所使用率对地区儿童死亡率的影响.
主要方法:
- 准实验性研究分析了10年 (2011-2020年) 来自印度35个州和640个地区的数据.
- 作为主要暴露,利用了SBM下卫生间建设的地区级年度数据.
- 采用双向固定效应回归模型,控制社会人口统计学,财富和医疗保健混因素.
主要成果:
- 超过30%的家庭通过SBM获得所的地区显示出显著的减少:每1000个活产婴儿减少5.3个IMR和6.8个U5MR.
- 在SBM后的时期,婴儿和儿童死亡率与SBM前的年相比,出现了加速下降.
- 据估计,SBM驱动的所供应可能每年避免了大约60,000-70,000例婴儿死亡.
结论:
- 清洁印度计划在减少印度婴儿和五岁以下儿童死亡率方面产生了明显的积极影响.
- 大规模的卫生项目是改善低收入和中等收入国家人口健康的有效干预措施.
- 对卫生基础设施的投资带来了显著的公共卫生效益,特别是在减少儿童死亡率方面.
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