对人类干扰的不均容忍对顶级捕食者的统治相互作用的影响
Pablo Villalva1,2, Francisco Palomares3, Marina Zanin4
1Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
概括
人类活动扰乱了新热带动物群落,使适应性强的美洲狮胜过美洲虎和. 保护必须超越保护区,以管理对这些顶级捕食者的景观层面影响.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 人类活动可以改变掠食者-猎物动态和社区结构.
- 顶级掠食者面临着衰退,影响了中等掠食者种群和协会内部关系.
- 了解人类对类动物相互作用的影响对于有效的保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类活动如何影响新热带地区顶级掠食者:美洲虎,美洲狮和鸟之间的协会内关系.
- 确定这些改变的关系对中等掠食动物种群的级联影响.
- 评估息地质量,数量,牲畜和人类压力对动物共存的影响.
主要方法:
- 在大陆范围内使用结构方程建模.
- 使用了美洲虎 (Panthera onca),熊猫 (Puma concolor) 和鸟 (Leopardus pardalis) 的存在缺席数据.
- 数据来自Neocarnivores数据集,分辨率为0.0833°,结合了息地和人类压力变量.
主要成果:
- 人类的干扰对美洲虎的出现产生了负面影响.
- 熊猫的存在与小型牲畜有积极的关联,与鸟有负面的关联.
- 森林覆盖面对美洲虎和鱼的发生的影响超过了保护区的范围;美洲狮表现出适应干扰的能力.
结论:
- 人类的干扰可以扭转大型类动物之间的竞争等级,使美洲虎处于不利地位,并提高美洲狮的地位.
- 这种转变可能导致虫被排除在外,即使是那些不太容易受到干扰的人.
- 保护战略必须包括保护区以外的景观层面管理,以解决人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
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