扎伊尔埃博拉病毒疾病疫苗的长期细胞免疫力
Aurélie Wiedemann1,2, Edouard Lhomme1,3,4, Mélanie Huchon1,4
1Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
Nature communications
|September 3, 2024
概括
与rVSV疫苗不同的是,Ad26-MVA埃博拉疫苗方案诱导T细胞持续反应长达五年. 这一发现支持Ad26-MVA用于长期预防埃博拉,并指导未来的助推策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 埃博拉疫情需要持续的预防和控制策略.
- 目前授权的埃博拉疫苗包括默克的Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) 和约翰逊和约翰逊的Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo两剂组合.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估由三个埃博拉疫苗方案诱导的长期记忆T细胞反应:Ad26-MVA,rVSV和rVSV-booster.
- 评估T细胞反应的持续时间,在接种疫苗后长达五年.
- 探索T细胞反应,细胞因子生产和抗埃博拉IgG水平之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 在PREVAC随机试验 (NCT02876328) 免疫学辅助研究的五年随访.
- 对多功能EBOV特异性CD4+T细胞反应的评估.
- 在体外扩张T细胞8天.
- 对细胞因子产生和抗EBOVIgG反应的分析.
主要成果:
- 接种Ad26-MVA疫苗导致多功能EBOV特异性CD4+T细胞反应增加并持续长达60个月.
- rVSV疫苗组显示T细胞反应最小,在一年后下降.
- 在Ad26-MVA和rVSV接种后的60个月内,观察到持续的EBOV特异性T细胞反应,没有下降.
- 在Ad26-MVA和rVSV组之间确定了共享的细胞因子生物标志物.
- 在rVSV群体中,在第7天观察到促炎细胞因子的升高.
- 确立了EBOV特异性T细胞反应与抗EBOVIgG反应之间的相关性.
结论:
- Ad26-MVA疫苗方案诱导持久的,长期记忆的T细胞对埃博拉病毒的反应.
- rVSV疫苗方案引起T细胞反应,在一年内减弱.
- 研究结果可以为强制性疫苗接种建议提供信息,并确定受益于再接种疫苗的人口.
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