自然的可转移元素插入有助于模拟酵母中的宿主适应性
Yan Wang1, Hao Xu1, Qinliu He1
1College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
Genome biology and evolution
|September 4, 2024
概括
酵母基因组中的可移植元素 (TE) 显示出很高的变异性. 这些元素的很小一部分显著影响宿主健康和基因表达,揭示了它们的功能作用.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 可转移元素 (TE) 在真核基因组中广泛存在,但它们的进化和功能作用尚未完全理解.
- 轻微转录酶逆转移子 (LTR-RTs) 和它们的单独-轻微转录酶衍生物是唯一在裂变酵母 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) 和芽酵母 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 中发现的TE类型.
研究的目的:
- 在两个模型酵母物种中调查TEs的进化动态和功能后果.
- 分析S. pombe和S. cerevisiae中的LTR-RT和solo-LTR的分布和种群遗传学.
- 通过实验评估特定单独LTR插入对宿主健康和转录组的影响.
主要方法:
- 对35种S. pombe和128种S. cerevisiae菌株LTR-RT和单独LTR分布的分析.
- 种群遗传学分析推断单独LTR插入的选择性压力.
- 基因淘汰实验用于评估单个单独LTR插入在两个酵母菌种中的适应性和转录效应.
主要成果:
- 在两种酵母种中观察到LTR-RT和单独LTR插入的高存在缺席多态性.
- 种群遗传学数据表明,大多数单独LTR插入的进化是中性的,类似于宿主基因中的同义位点.
- 一个单独的LTR插入S. pombe显著影响了宿主健康和转录组,而大多数测试的插入S. cerevisiae没有显著的影响.
结论:
- 一个自然存在的可转移元素插入的子集可以影响宿主基因表达,并有助于宿主健康.
- 这些发现突显了TEs在真核生物基因组进化中的功能意义.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明 TE 对其宿主生物体的影响.
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