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俄罗斯和日本学龄前儿童执行职能的比较
Aleksander Veraksa1, Mari Hasegawa2, Daria Bukhalenkova1
1Department of Educational Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Frontiers in psychology
|September 4, 2024
概括
俄罗斯学龄前儿童比日本学龄前儿童表现出更高的认知灵活性和更低的抑制,有明显的性别特异性差异. 这些发现表明,文化对儿童早期的执行功能 (EF) 有潜在的影响.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 对认知和社会发展至关重要.
- 跨文化研究对于理解认知发展的普遍和文化特定方面至关重要.
- 学前年龄是执行功能发展的关键时期.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较俄罗斯和日本学龄前儿童之间的关键执行功能 (EF) 组件,包括抑制和认知灵活性.
- 调查两种文化群体之间EF水平的潜在性别差异.
- 探索文化期望对执行职能发展的影响.
主要方法:
- 在102名5至6.9岁的学龄前儿童 (51名俄罗斯,51名日本) 中对执行功能 (EF) 组件进行比较分析.
- 抑制,工作记忆和认知灵活性的评估.
- 基于性别的分层分析结果.
主要成果:
- 与日本学龄前儿童相比,俄罗斯学龄前儿童表现出明显更高的认知灵活性和较低的抑制.
- 俄罗斯男孩的认知和身体抑制水平低于日本男孩.
- 与日本女孩相比,俄罗斯女孩表现出更高的认知灵活性和更低的认知抑制.
结论:
- 成人期望的文化差异可能会影响学龄前儿童的执行功能 (EF) 发展.
- 俄罗斯和日本儿童的认知灵活性和抑制水平不同,这表明文化影响.
- 在EF的性别特异性模式进一步突出了文化和发展的复杂相互作用.
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