相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Monitoring Influenza Virus Survival Outside the Host Using Real-Time Cell Analysis

Monitoring Influenza Virus Survival Outside the Host Using Real-Time Cell Analysis

Published on: February 20, 2021

流感A型病毒在宿主体内的进化和在三个季节的密集样本家庭队列中的积极选择

Emily E Bendall¹, Yuwei Zhu², William J Fitzsimmons³

¹Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|September 4, 2024

概括

个体内的A型流感病毒 (IAV) 进化主要是由净化选择和遗传漂移驱动的. 积极选择,表明适应,在急性感染中很少被检测到,这表明它在疾病期间在病毒演变中起着很小的作用.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
进化生物学进化生物学
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

流感A病毒 (IAV) 的抗原漂移在全球范围内得到认可,但在急性感染期间积极选择的证据有限.
检测选择的挑战包括区分罕见突变与测序错误以及横截面采样的局限性.

研究的目的:

在急性感染期间调查个人内IAV的进化动态.
为了确定内部宿主IAV群体中积极选择的流行率和模式.

主要方法:

从三个流感季节的143个个体的连续每日鼻抽样中对IAV进行测序.
在0.5%的频率值下识别肠内单核酸变异 (iSNVs).
应用赖特-费舍尔近似贝叶斯计算模型来检测正选择.

主要成果:

主体内部的IAV种群主要是由净化选择和遗传漂移形成的,大多数突变发生在低频率.
与青少年和成年人相比,儿童在宿主内部的进化率略高.
在A ((H3N2) 和A ((H1N1) pdm09亚型中,在低频率的位置 (9-11%) 检测到正选择,并且这些选择的位置在循环中很少被发现.

结论:

在急性感染期间,宿主体内的IAV进化主要以净化选择和漂移为特征,季节,亚型或年龄组的变化最小.
对阳性选择的证据很少见,并且不一致地观察到,这表明在感染的急性阶段在推动病毒进化中的作用有限.
这些发现强调了纵向采样和可靠的统计方法对于准确评估病毒演变的重要性.

更多相关视频

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Published on: March 19, 2015

相关概念视频

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).