欧洲前列腺癌发病率和死亡率以及对查活动的影响:基于人口的研究
Salvatore Vaccarella1, Mengmeng Li2, Freddie Bray3
1Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France vaccarellas@iarc.who.int.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
|September 4, 2024
概括
欧洲前列腺癌发病率与查相关的差异很大,而死亡率仍然较低,更稳定. 仔细的查设计对于最大限度地降低过度诊断风险至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 前列腺癌发病率和死亡率在欧洲人口中呈现出显著的地理和时间差异.
- 这些流行病学模式受到前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 测试频率和查实践等因素的影响.
研究的目的:
- 在欧洲人口中建立前列腺癌主要流行病学特征的基线比较评估.
- 为拟议的欧盟 (欧盟) 前列腺癌查计划提供必要的背景数据.
主要方法:
- 一项以人口为基础的研究,分析了1980年至2017年间26个欧洲国家 (19欧盟成员国) 的国家和地方发病率和死亡率数据 (死亡率数据至2020年).
- 数据来源于国际癌症研究机构的全球癌症观测中心和世界卫生组织.
- 包括35-84岁的男性.
主要成果:
- 前列腺癌发病率在不同国家和随着时间的推移而有很大差异,与PSA测试趋势相关,发病率在每10万男性中从46到336不等.
- 发病率在2000年代中期左右达到顶峰,在某些地区下降,但在其他地区最近出现增加.
- 死亡率明显较低,变化较小,在大多数国家都呈现稳步下降,与前列腺癌发病率高达20倍的变化相比,死亡率变化五倍.
结论:
- 观察到的流行病学特征表明前列腺癌的过度诊断,因时间和人口而异.
- 生态研究结果表明,需要精心设计的查计划,以减轻过度诊断的危害.
- 建议支持在未来的前列腺癌查实施中优先考虑降低危害.
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