在中国人口中与饮食相关的非传染性疾病风险的异质性
Zhiyao Chang1,2,3, Sander Biesbroek2, Hongyi Cai1,2,3
1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, NO.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, China.
European journal of nutrition
|September 4, 2024
概括
改善饮食质量可以降低非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的风险. 中国的饮食表现出各种NCD风险,但遵守中国饮食指南-2016或EAT-Lancet饮食等饮食指南可以降低这些风险.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
- 预防慢性疾病 预防慢性疾病
背景情况:
- 低于最佳的食物选择是非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的重要贡献者.
- 饮食模式影响中国各个人口子组的NCD风险变化.
- 改善饮食质量是缓解非传染性疾病的关键策略.
研究的目的:
- 评估与中国观察到的饮食模式相关的饮食相关的NCD风险.
- 通过遵守特定的饮食建议来评估NCD风险的潜在降低.
- 分析基于人口和社会经济因素的NCD风险变化.
主要方法:
- 用剂量反应元分析来确定15种食物组和3种与饮食相关的非传染性疾病之间的相对风险.
- 与饮食相关的总和风险 (SRs) 用12809名中国成年人的24小时饮食回忆数据 (2011年中国健康和营养调查) 来估计.
- 观察到的饮食与中国饮食指南-2016 (CDG-2016) 和EAT-Lancet饮食建议在中国五个综合区域进行了比较,按人口统计学分层.
主要成果:
- 在SRs与性别,年龄,教育,收入和城市化之间发现了显著的关联;没有观察到与超重状况的关联.
- 无论是CDG-2016还是EAT-Lancet的饮食建议,与所有地区观察到的饮食相比,SRs都较低.
- 高摄入红肉和精制谷物,加上低摄入全谷物,水果和豆类,是与饮食相关的NCD风险变化的主要驱动因素.
结论:
- 定制的,区域特定的饮食干预措施对于解决中国人口中与饮食相关的异质NCD风险至关重要.
- 遵守既定的饮食指南可以显著减少与饮食有关的非传染性疾病的负担.
- 了解区域饮食习惯对于制定有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
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