婴儿期望陌生人之间有一定的积极和消极的互惠
Kyong-Sun Jin1, Fransisca Ting2,3, Zijing He4
1Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, 2, Bomun-ro 34da-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02844, Republic of Korea. kjin@sungshin.ac.kr.
Nature communications
|September 4, 2024
概括
15个月大的婴儿期望陌生人之间的直接互惠. 当一个代理人对善意做出负面反应或对伤害做出积极反应时,他们会感到惊,这表明了对互惠行为的早期预期.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
背景情况:
- 社会科学家提出,直接互惠性调节了与人无关的个体之间的互动.
- 互惠是许多物种社会行为的一个基本方面.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查15个月大的婴儿是否期待陌生人之间的直接互惠.
- 确定互惠期望的发展起源.
主要方法:
- 对160名15个月龄的婴儿进行了违反期望的实验.
- 婴儿观察到两种药物 (药物1和药物2) 之间的相互作用.
- 评估婴儿对Agent2对Agent1行为的反应感到惊.
主要成果:
- 婴儿们惊地发现,当Agent2在Agent1的积极作用后表现为负面时,Agent2表现为负面,反之亦然.
- 如果Agent2的行为不是针对Agent1,这些期望就不存在了.
- 婴儿接受了对应的行动或从agent2.2中脱离.
结论:
- 到15个月,婴儿预计互惠,期望最初的行动指导后续的互动.
- 早期对互惠的期望表明,进化了支持社会推理的心理系统.
- 这一发现支持了直接互惠在调节早期社会互动中的作用.
相关概念视频
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
607
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
607
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
51
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
51
Attachment
58
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
58
Nonconscious Mimicry
4.5K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.5K
The Nativist Approach
38
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
38
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
43.3K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
43.3K


