量化治疗疗效和耐药性传播之间的权衡,用于牛群中恩罗夫洛克萨剂量方案
Liton Chandra Deb1, Archana Timsina2, Suzanne Lenhart3
1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. lchandr@ncsu.edu.
Scientific reports
|September 4, 2024
概括
在牛中使用抗菌药物可以导致耐药细菌. 这项研究发现了治疗有效性,成本和肠道细菌耐药性发展之间的权衡,这表明没有单一的治疗方案是所有结果的最佳选择.
科学领域:
- 兽医药理学 兽医药理学
- 微生物耐药性 微生物耐药性
- 数学建模的数学建模
背景情况:
- 在生产食品的动物中使用抗菌药物是细菌耐药性的重要驱动因素.
- 了解致病性和开始性细菌中耐药性的动态对于有效的抗微生物管理至关重要.
- 牛呼吸系统疾病 (BRD) 是一种常见的牛疾病,通常用恩罗夫洛克萨治疗.
研究的目的:
- 评估抗微生物治疗有效性,经济成本和开始性肠道细菌的耐药性动态之间的权衡.
- 为了模拟不同恩罗夫洛克萨剂量方案对牛*Pastereulla multocida*和*E. coli*耐药性的影响.
- 识别潜在的非FDA批准的剂量策略,以平衡疗效和耐药性选择.
主要方法:
- 在宿主内部开发普通微分方程模型,以模拟肺和肠道中的药物度和细菌群.
- 模型的参数化使用对牛*P. multocida*进行恩罗夫洛克萨治疗.
- 对比三种已批准的恩罗夫洛克萨辛剂量方案 (12.5 mg/kg单剂,7.5 mg/kg单剂,5 mg/kg三剂) 和对未经批准的方案进行探索.
主要成果:
- 高剂量的单次恩罗夫洛克萨疗法 (12.5 mg/kg和7.5 mg/kg) 增加了治疗成本和肺部的P. multocida耐药性.
- 五毫克/千克的三剂方案最显著地增加了肠道共生大肠杆菌的耐药性.
- 一个未经FDA批准的方案 (7.5 mg/kg,两剂隔24小时) 表明成本低,对*P. multocida*的影响最小,对耐药*E. coli*有中度影响.
- 减少*P. multocida*的情景并没有最大限度地减少耐药性*E. coli*,这表明了权衡.
结论:
- 在减少致病性细菌负荷和最大限度地减少共生细菌的耐药性发展之间存在明显的权衡.
- 最佳的抗微生物药物管理需要仔细考虑剂量方案,以平衡治疗疗效,成本和抗药性选择压力.
- 数学建模为探索复杂的抗微生物耐药性动态和告知治疗策略提供了有价值的工具.
相关概念视频
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
3.8K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
3.8K
Antibiotic Selection
52.4K
Overview
52.4K
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy
4.3K
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
4.3K
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose
4.0K
A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
4.0K


