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相关概念视频

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

32
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
32
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

254
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
254
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

149
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
149
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

239
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
239

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
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使用基于正念的干预来促进幼儿的执行功能:一个多变量和多尺度的样本的研究.

Sha Xie1, Shuqi Lu2, Jiahao Lu2

  • 1Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 5, 2024
PubMed
概括

正念训练通过提高大脑效率来增强幼儿的执行功能. 这种干预积极影响认知转移和工作记忆,如脑成像和行为结果所示.

关键词:
大脑复杂性 大脑复杂性执行职能 执行职能是指执行职能.基于正念的干预措施多变量和多尺度的样本.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 执行功能 (EF) 对于幼儿时期的认知调节至关重要.
  • 基于正念的干预措施 (MBI) 显示了增强儿童EF的潜力.
  • 在幼儿时期了解MBI的神经机制是必不可少的.

研究的目的:

  • 研究基于正念的干预对幼儿执行功能的影响.
  • 使用功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 探索与MBI相关的神经变化.
  • 检查MBI对大脑复杂性和特定前额叶皮层区域的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用fNIRS脑成像来收集68名儿童 (年龄约60个月) 的数据.
  • 参与者被随机分配到MBI组或对照组.
  • 对fNIRS数据进行了多变量和多尺度样本分析.

主要成果:

  • 在EF任务中,MBI组显示大脑复杂性降低,这表明神经效率提高.
  • 在认知转移和工作记忆任务期间,在左侧脊侧前额皮层和中侧前额皮层观察到显著的差异.
  • 这些神经变化与干预组中改善的行为表现相关.

结论:

  • 基于正念的干预措施可以通过优化神经处理来改善幼儿的执行功能.
  • MBI影响了参与认知转移和工作记忆的关键大脑区域.
  • 研究结果支持使用MBI作为早期干预策略,以促进健康的大脑发育和认知技能.