重建肠道微生物群-结肠细胞相互作用可以逆转饮食引起的认知缺陷:优康皮质多糖的有益作用
Mengli Wang1, Penghao Sun1, Xuejun Chai2
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Theranostics
|September 6, 2024
概括
高脂肪饮食通过改变肠道细菌,特别是增加蛋白质菌来损害认知. 欧康米叶皮层多糖 (EP) 通过调节肠道微生物群-结肠细胞相互作用和减少蛋白质菌来恢复认知功能.
科学领域:
- 微生物学与神经科学 微生物学与神经科学
- 肠-大脑轴研究研究
- 饮食干预 饮食干预
背景情况:
- 高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 与认知缺陷和肠道失调有关.
- 肠道微生物群在调解HFD诱导的病理方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 植物性多糖化合物正在探索其治疗潜力,但机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究Eucommiae皮层多糖体 (EPs) 在缓解HFD诱导的肠道失调症的机制.
- 检查EPs在纠正与饮食有关的认知衰退中的作用.
- 阐明肠道微生物群,结肠细胞和认知功能之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 便微生物群移植 (FMT) 和抗生素治疗,以评估肠道微生物群在HFD引起的认知障碍中的作用.
- 从HFD小鼠中使用特定细菌 (大肠杆菌) 进行殖民实验.
- 补充丁酸盐和药理抑制 (GW9662) 探索EP的机制.
主要成果:
- 由HFD引起的认知障碍和神经脊柱损失取决于肠道微生物组成,特别是蛋白质细菌.
- EPs抑制了蛋白质细菌的扩张和神经炎症,改善了HFD小鼠的认知功能.
- EPs促进了丁酸盐的产生,改善了结肠细胞的线粒体功能障碍,并重塑了结肠细胞的新陈代谢,限制了蛋白质细菌的生长.
结论:
- 促进蛋白质细菌过度生长的结肠细胞代谢障碍有助于HFD诱导的认知缺陷.
- 饮食EP可以通过修改肠道微生物群-结肠细胞相互作用来纠正与HFD相关的行为功能障碍.
- 通过微生物群-肠-大脑轴,EPs代表了与饮食相关的认知功能障碍的潜在治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Probiotics
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota
The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Gut-Brain Axis
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...


