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相关概念视频

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

563
For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the...
563
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

5.2K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
5.2K
pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

68.6K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
68.6K
pH01:24

pH

133.4K
The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium...
133.4K
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

19.6K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
19.6K
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation02:48

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

68.7K
The ionization-constant expression for a solution of a weak acid can be written as:
68.7K

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Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
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了解pH对电催化剂pH的影响.

Wen-Gang Cui1, Fan Gao1, Guoquan Na1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.

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概括

了解pH对反应的影响对于更好的燃料电池和水电解仪至关重要. 本综述探讨了理论和催化剂设计,以克服缓慢的性动力学,以实现可持续的能源未来.

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科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 能源转化和储存 能源转化和储存

背景情况:

  • 演变反应 (HER) 和氧化反应 (HOR) 对能源技术至关重要.
  • 与酸性介质相比,这些反应在性介质中表现出明显较慢的动力学.
  • 对这种依赖pH的动力学的基本理解对于推进能源设备至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了提供对电催化作用的内在pH影响的全面概述.
  • 讨论实验观测,基础原则和催化剂设计策略.
  • 为了解决当前关于性HER/HOR的辩论和未来研究方向.

主要方法:

  • 对实验发现和理论模型 (HBE,双功能,pzfc,2B理论) 的审查.
  • 在各种电解质和催化剂表面上分析活动描述符.
  • 突出催化剂设计原则和电解质优化,以改善性动力学.

主要成果:

  • 该综述综合了有关电催化中的pH效应的当前知识.
  • 它批判性地评估了解释观察到的运动学的各种理论.
  • 它确定了通过合理的催化剂设计来提高性HER/HOR性能的策略.

结论:

  • 对pH效应的更深层次的分子层面理解对于开发高效的催化剂至关重要.
  • 优化催化剂和电解质是克服性介质缓慢动力学的关键.
  • 这项工作旨在指导开发具有成本效益的性水电解器和燃料电池.