相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 14, 2025

11:10
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
Published on: November 16, 2011
94.3K
在胰岛素闭后的时间到中度和严重的高血糖和血症
David C Klonoff1, Alessandra T Ayers2, Cindy N Ho2
1Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA.
Journal of diabetes science and technology
|September 6, 2024
概括
胰岛素中断可以导致1型糖尿病的血糖和水平迅速增加. 中度至重度的高血糖症可能在5-14小时内发生,而血症在7-21小时内发生.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢障碍 代谢障碍 代谢障碍
- 糖尿病 技术 技术
背景情况:
- 胰岛素治疗 (CSII) 对于1型糖尿病的管理至关重要.
- 胰岛素流量的中断可能导致危险的代谢并发症.
- 了解这些并发症的时间表对于患者的安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计CSII中断后血糖 (BG) 和β-酸 (BHB) 基水平上升的速度.
- 为了确定在CSII暂停后中度/严重高血糖和血的时间.
- 将临床发现与模拟模型预测进行比较.
主要方法:
- 进行了有关英语语言研究的PubMed搜索 (1982-2024年).
- 在CSII暂停后分析了8项测量BG和BHB的研究.
- 模拟的BG增长在一个虚拟的100名成年人1型糖尿病的人口.
主要成果:
- 在CSII中断60分钟后,平均BG升高为0.62 mg/dL/min,BHB升高为0.0038 mmol/L/min.
- 中度/重度高血糖 (300/400毫克/分升) 预测在5.8-14.2小时内发生.
- 中度/重度血病 (1.6/3.0 mmol/L) 预测在8.0-21小时内发生.
结论:
- 临床研究和模拟均表明,高血糖症可能在CSII中断后5-14小时内发生.
- 预计血会在中断后7-21小时内发展.
- 患者和临床医生必须认识到这些时间表,以减轻与胰岛素封闭相关的风险.
相关概念视频
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
217
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
217
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
160
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
160
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.2K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.2K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
148
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
148
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.5K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.2K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.2K

