观察者对被污名化行为者的意图有动机的敏感性
William A Staples1, Jason E Plaks1
1Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
PloS one
|September 6, 2024
概括
当受污名的群体成员犯下有害行为时,人们会更严厉地判断,特别是当意图不清楚时. 观察者根据群体状态对意图和责任应用一个滑动尺度.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 道德上的判断道德上的判断
- 集团的感知 集团的感知
背景情况:
- 了解团体成员身份如何影响人们对意向和道德责任的看法至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,偏见可以影响对有害行为的判断.
- 关于意向性的理论往往涉及到预见和规划的复杂考虑.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查一个有害行为的感知意图和道德谴责性是否会在被污名化的群体成员犯下时被放大.
- 检查不同级别的远程 (以终点为重点) 和近距离 (以手段为重点) 意图如何与道德判断中的行为者群体地位相互作用.
- 探索"滑动门"在评估基于社会群体归属的意图和责任时的应用.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项研究 (N = 1,451) 使用假设的杀人案情景.
- 在演员的头脑中,直角操纵远端和近端的意图水平.
- 改变了演员的种族 (研究1) 或政治 (研究2) 团体的归属性,比较了耻辱和非耻辱的演员.
主要成果:
- 当意图模糊时 (一种类型高,一种类型低),参与者比非耻辱化的演员更严厉地评判来自耻辱化的群体的演员.
- 这种对被污名化的行为者的更严厉的判断发生不管是否存在一种或甚至没有一种意图 (研究2).
- 证明了"滑动值",在这种情况下,与较多的耻辱行为者相比,较少的耻辱行为者需要更高的谴责意图.
结论:
- 社会污名显著影响道德判断,导致对被污名化群体成员犯下的有害行为进行更严格的评估,特别是在模两可的意图下.
- 这些发现表明,观察者根据演员的社会群体调整他们分配意图和道德责任的标准.
- 这些结果有助于更深入地了解意向的俗气理论和群体偏见对社会认知的普遍影响.
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