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人类加速区域 HAR202 控制在前脑发育中的NPAS3表达,显示现代和古老人类序列之间的差异增强器活动
Alfredo Leandro Caporale1, Alejandro R Cinalli1, Marcelo Rubinstein1,2
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina.
Molecular biology and evolution
|September 6, 2024
概括
在现代人类中,NPAS3基因中的人类加速区域 (HAR) 显示出功能改变,影响大脑发育. 这突显了人类神经发育基因的快速进化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 人类和黑猩猩之间认知能力的表型差异可能源于神经发育基因调节的改变.
- 作为神经发育转录因子的NPAS3基因含有众多人类加速区域 (HAR),这表明它在人类神经系统进化中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 功能性地比较NPAS3-HAR202区域跨物种,专注于人类特异性的变化.
- 研究人类加速区域对神经发育基因调节和大脑进化的影响.
主要方法:
- 对转基因斑马鱼和小鼠进行了比较增强剂报告测试,使用NPAS3-HAR202.2的正义基因.
- 功能分析包括生成缺乏HAR202的淘汰赛小鼠,以评估其在Npas3表达中的作用.
主要成果:
- 现代人类的NPAS3-HAR202正义表现出斑马鱼和小鼠发育中的神经系统中增强剂活性的丧失.
- 古代人类 (尼安德特人/丹尼索瓦人) HAR202的正义词保留了广泛的脊椎动物表达,与现代人类版本不同.
- 缺乏HAR202的小鼠在发育中的前脑中显著减少了Npas3表达.
结论:
- NPAS3-HAR202是一种神经发育转录增强剂,它在人类血统中经历了功能演变.
- 在HAR202中这种快速的分子进化可能有助于人类特有的大脑发育和认知能力.
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