积极主义还是后积极主义的科学哲学? 左边的维也纳圈和托马斯·库恩
1Department of Philosophy, School of Social Sciences, Humanities Bridgford Street, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK.
Studies in history and philosophy of science
|September 6, 2024
概括
这项研究表明,维也纳圈的成员奥托·纽拉斯和菲利普·弗兰克,不仅仅是托马斯·库恩,认识到历史在科学中的作用. 他们的工作预测了库恩关于理论选择和价值观的想法,为科学哲学提供了更激进的历史融合.
科学领域:
- 科学哲学的科学哲学
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
- 逻辑经验主义的逻辑经验主义.
背景情况:
- 托马斯·库恩与逻辑实证主义,特别是鲁道夫·卡纳普之间的关系,一直受到广泛的辩论.
- 这项研究将重点转移到库恩与奥托·纽拉斯和维也纳圈左翼的菲利普·弗兰克的联系.
- 现有的学术往往仅仅将科学哲学中的"历史转折"归因于库恩.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查他们对科学哲学的贡献,重新评估维也纳圈的遗产.
- 挑战将历史转折的独家归因归咎于托马斯·库恩.
- 探索科学史在科学哲学中的更激进整合的潜力,受到维也纳圆圈的启发.
主要方法:
- 分析奥托·纽拉斯和菲利普·弗兰克的主要作品.
- 对他们关于科学理论,历史和价值观的思想进行比较研究,与托马斯·库恩的哲学相对应.
- 检查维也纳圈的"统一科学"计划及其对科学哲学的影响.
主要成果:
- 纽拉特和弗兰克认识到历史在理论化科学中的重要性,预见了库恩的后来的论点.
- 他们的工作涉及科学理论选择,理性分歧和非科学价值观,早于库恩的著名讨论.
- 维也纳圈的"统一科学"计划提供了一个比库恩的方法更激进的框架来纳入科学史.
- 有证据表明,一些维也纳圈成员模糊了发现和证明的背景之间的区别.
结论:
- 纽拉特和弗兰克的历史意识被低估了,掩盖了维也纳圈的遗产.
- 仅仅将历史转折归因于库恩,就扭曲了科学哲学的历史发展.
- 维也纳圈的哲学课程提供了一个有价值的,并且可能更强大的,将历史纳入科学哲学中的模型.
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