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美国1989-2019年收入不平等与死亡率之间的州级关联:生态研究
James R Dunn1, Gum-Ryeong Park2,3, Robbie Brydon2
1McMaster University Faculty of Social Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada jim.dunn@mcmaster.ca.
Journal of epidemiology and community health
|September 6, 2024
概括
在1989年看到的收入不平等和死亡率之间的积极联系在2019年逆转,不平等的增加与死亡人数的减少有关. 这挑战了以前的发现和对人口健康的政策影响.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,收入不平等与人口死亡率之间存在积极联系.
- 这项研究检查了从1989年到2019年在美国各州这种关系的持续性.
- 它还研究了收入不平等和死亡率随时间变化之间的相关性.
研究的目的:
- 确定美国州级收入不平等与所有原因死亡率之间的正相关性在1989年至2019年之间是否持续存在.
- 评估收入不平等变化与国家内部死亡率变化之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在基尼系数上的死亡率的重复横截面回归,每隔10年.
- 时间序列模型用于估计收入不平等和死亡率的州内变化之间的相关性.
- 回归控制为中位数收入,并按人口加权.
主要成果:
- 1989年,观察到一种积极的相关性:较高的吉尼系数与工作年龄男性和女性的死亡率增加有关.
- 到2019年,这种相关性消失或逆转,基尼系数更高与死亡率下降有关.
- 吉尼的变化与死亡率的变化之间的相关性在所有结果和方法中都是负的.
结论:
- 该研究发现,1989年以后收入不平等和死亡率之间之前记录的正相关性缺失或逆转.
- 不平等的变化和死亡率的变化之间的反相关性表明,与之前的研究有显著的转变.
- 这些发现引发了关于收入不平等作为改善人口健康的政策目标的作用的问题.
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