吸入吸入的环境负担
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
概括
计量剂量吸入器 (MDIs) 和干粉吸入器 (DPIs) 的全球碳足迹较低. 然而,适当的处置至关重要,以防止药物残留物污染水和破坏生态系统.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 制药技术 制药技术 制药技术
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 吸入器设备,主要是计量剂量吸入器 (MDIs) 和干粉吸入器 (DPIs),被评估其对环境的影响,包括碳足迹 (CF) 和废物产生.
- 虽然MDIs和DPIs对全球温室气体 (GHG) 排放贡献最小 (分别为0.03%和0.0012%),但根据吸入器类型的流行情况,国家贡献可能更高.
- 在美国和英国等国家,MDIs比较常见,这表明在治疗上适当的情况下转向DPI可能会带来潜在的好处.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估吸入系统对环境的影响,重点关注温室气体排放和废物管理.
- 在全球气候变化背景下评估吸入器温室气体排放的意义.
- 突出与废弃吸入器中的药物残留物和未使用剂量相关的环境风险.
主要方法:
- 分析MDIs和DPIs对温室气体排放的全球和国家贡献.
- 评估吸入器废弃物,包括塑料的贡献和残留药物含量的问题.
- 评估当前的废物管理实践及其对环境的影响.
主要成果:
- 吸入器的全球温室气体排放量相对较小,这表明其对全球变暖的影响有限.
- 从MDI转向DPI,特别是在MDI使用量很高的国家,如果治疗不受到影响,可能会带来环境效益.
- 使用可再生能源用于DPI生产和废物管理可以使它们几乎气候中立.
- 吸入器占全球塑料垃圾的一小部分,但由于保留的制药残留物,其处置存在风险.
- 首要的环境问题是废弃的吸入器中的药物泄漏到土壤和水系统中,影响生态系统和生物多样性.
结论:
- 缓解吸入器温室气体排放可能不会显著影响全球气候变化,但国家战略可能是有益的.
- 最重要的环境风险来自不适当地处理含有药物残留的吸入器,需要强大的收集和废物管理系统.
- 有效的废物管理计划对于防止水源的药物污染和保护生物多样性至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:36Types of Toxins
1.7K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
1.7K
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
2.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
2.8K
01:20Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
234
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
234
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
2.7K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
2.7K
01:24Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation
3.4K
Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
3.4K
01:29Asthma-I: Introduction
2.6K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
2.6K