绘制Mycobacterium tuberculosis复杂细菌传播高风险地区的地图:将宿主空间使用与环境污染联系起来
Eduardo M Ferreira1, Mónica V Cunha2, Elsa L Duarte3
1MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Mitra, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; IIFA - Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 7002 - 554 Évora, Portugal; Conservation Biology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
动物结核病 (TB) 通过地中海生态系统中受污染的环境间接传播. 识别Mycobacterium bovis传播的高风险区域包括绘制细菌存在和野生动物空间使用的地图.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 环境微生物学 环境微生物学
背景情况:
- 由Mycobacterium bovis (一种Mycobacterium tuberculosis复合物的ecovar - MTBC) 引起的动物结核病 (TB) 是地中海生态系统中多宿主野生动物社区维持的重大动物性疾病.
- 跨物种传播往往是间接的,通过被MTBC污染的共享环境发生.
- 预测传播热点需要了解病原体分布和宿主空间生态.
研究的目的:
- 评估MTBC在包括野生动物和牛在内的多宿主系统中的传播风险.
- 在地中海农林系统中确定具有高MTBC传播潜力的空间区域.
- 整合环境MTBC检测与主机空间使用数据进行风险评估.
主要方法:
- 从结核病流行地区的38个地点收集了89个环境样本 (水,土壤,泥).
- 实时PCR分析以检测环境样本中的MTBCDNA.
- 摄像机捕捉用于生成宿主特定空间,使用类动物和食肉动物的强度图.
主要成果:
- 49%的环境样本检测出MTBC DNA呈阳性,这表明污染广泛.
- MTBC发生概率受到地形特征 (如斜率) 的显著影响.
- 宿主空间使用和MTBC检测的整合揭示了高风险区域,特别是红鹿和野猪,研究区域的26.5%被确定为传播高风险.
结论:
- 在研究的地中海生态系统中,环境中MTBC污染很普遍.
- 地形特征在环境中MTBC的空间分布中起作用.
- 红鹿和野猪是高风险传播地区的关键物种,这凸显了综合景观级风险评估对管理动物结核病的重要性.
相关概念视频
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