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基于任务的注意力控制:焦虑和年龄的作用
Amanda E Messerlie1, Leslie M Guidotti Breting2, John E Calamari1
1Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
概括
焦虑会对诸如设置转移和抑制等认知功能产生负面影响,而年龄是表现较差的独立预测因素. 这些影响在成年人一生中一直保持一致,这强调了所有患者需要进行焦虑评估的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 注意控制理论 (ACT) 认为,焦虑会损害诸如工作记忆和处理效率等认知功能.
- 焦虑对设置转移和抑制的影响在临床群体或不同年龄组中尚未得到充分研究.
- 这项研究调查了年龄和焦虑如何影响设置转移和抑制表现.
研究的目的:
- 检查年龄,焦虑和在设置转移和抑制任务上的表现之间的关联.
- 为了确定年龄是否能缓和焦虑和注意力控制之间的关系.
- 在多样化的成年人样本中测试来自注意力控制理论的预测.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自521名门诊参与者的数据 (平均年龄为50.39岁).
- 通过使用Trail Making Test差异得分来评估设置转移.
- 使用Stroop Color-Word测试干扰得分测量抑制.
主要成果:
- 增加的年龄和更高的焦虑水平都显著预测了设置转移和抑制任务的表现更差.
- 这些关联在控制人口统计学变量,ADHD,抑郁症和轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 之后仍然显著.
- 年龄和焦虑之间没有发现显著的相互作用,这表明焦虑的影响在各年龄组之间是一致的.
结论:
- 焦虑与设置转移和抑制的表现较差有关,支持注意力控制理论.
- 高龄独立预测这些认知领域的表现下降.
- 焦虑在成年人一生中同样影响注意力控制,这突显了在所有年龄段的神经心理评估中进行焦虑查的必要性.
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