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口腔健康的纵向观察性研究中的因果分析:一个范围审查
An T M Dao1,2,3, Loc G Do1, Nicole Stormon1,4
1School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
|September 9, 2024
概括
牙损伤研究往往侧重于关联,而不是因果关系. 纵向观测研究 (LOS) 需要改进因果分析,包括定向非循环图 (DAG) 和时间变化的数据,以更好地告知公共卫生干预措施.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 牙科研究 牙科研究
背景情况:
- 包括推断和调解在内的因果分析对于开发有效的公共卫生干预措施至关重要.
- 纵向观测研究 (LOS) 是了解疾病决定因素的关键.
- 对因果分析的系统方法包括制定因果问题,使用定向非循环图 (DAG),管理数据和选择统计策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了对牙科领域的LOS进行范围审查.
- 评估这些研究中因果分析的四个关键步骤的整合.
- 评估LOS的证据如何为口腔公共卫生干预提供信息.
主要方法:
- 2012年至2024年间从五个主要数据库公布的牙损伤决定因素的LOS系统检索.
- 应用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的范围审查指南和Covidence软件进行研究选择.
主要成果:
- 在85个符合条件的LOS中,没有一个提出因果假设或调查调解.
- 只有21.2%的人使用DAG,39%的人明确定义了混因素.
- 虽然75%的数据包含了时间变化的数据,但很少有人充分利用它,超过一半的人面临着时间变化的混的统计方法的挑战.
结论:
- 牙科LOS主要研究关联,忽视了强大的因果分析和充分利用时间变化的数据.
- 需要将重点转向因果推理,并在一贯的四步因果分析方法中建立能力.
- 鼓励进一步研究探索因果机制并利用时间变化的数据,以推进口腔公共卫生.
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